Definition & Types
Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t use it properly. The two main forms are Type 1 (autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells) and Type 2 (insulin resistance).
Key Symptoms
- Frequent urination & excessive thirst
- Unexplained weight loss
- Extreme hunger
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
Long-Term Risks
- Cardiovascular disease
- Kidney damage
- Nerve damage (neuropathy)
- Eye damage (retinopathy)
- Foot problems
Modern Management
Lifestyle: Tailored nutrition, regular exercise & weight management.
Medications: Insulin therapy, oral agents (metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors).
Monitoring: Self-monitoring blood glucose or CGM devices.
Education: Ongoing patient empowerment through DSMES (Diabetes Self-Management Education & Support).